The International Generic Sample Number (IGSN) is a globally unique and persistent identifier (PID) for unambiguous identification of physical samples and collections with discovery function in the internet. IGSNs are citable in scholarly literature and enable to directly link data and publications with the samples they originate from and thus close one of the last gaps in the full provenance of research results. A sample assigned with an International Generic Sample Number (IGSN) may be found and reanalysed when new evidence and analytical techniques can open new lines of inquiry. Re-analysis of samples augments utility of existing data, especially as samples may be unique and irreplaceable (e.g. rock samples from Apollo Space missions, or marine cruises).

IGSN is governed by an international non-profit member organisation (IGSN e.V.), which operated the central registration system based on the Handle.Net System (at GFZ) until the end of 2022. In 2021, IGSN e.V. and DataCite announced their strategic partnership and since January 2023, IGSN IDs are registered via DataCite services.

GFZ is a founding member of IGSN e.V., operated the central IGSN Handle Server until 2022, and offers IGSN registration services as part of GFZ Data Services. The IGSN Service includes the registration of IGSNs and comprehensive consultation on best practices for sample metadata and discovery. Since 2023, IGSNs are registered as DataCite IGSN IDs (functionally DOIs)